Horizontal integration of industry in late 19C. Compare and contrast Essay

Horizontal integration of industry in late 19C. Compare and contrast Old & New school business historian's approach to explanin Carnegie & Rockefeller - Essay Example This essay compares and contrasts ‘Old School’ and ‘New School’ perspectives of horizontal integration. The old school perspectives on horizontal business integration emerged from theorists during the early part of the 20th century until the 1970s. This is contrasted with the new school forms that took on varying paradigms between the 1970s and the present day. The old school perspectives on horizontal integration largely emphasized biographical information of the participants. For instance, in the case of Rockefeller conflicting biographical perspectives on his life were considered, with one view emphasizing his contributions to social progress and innovation, and the other casting Rockefeller as a greed obsessed shark. One considers Rockefeller’s horizontal integration through Standard Oil as he systematically Within these perspectives historians such as Mathew Josephson labeled Rockefeller a ‘robber baron’ citing examples such as cheating and unfairness, as well as the diminished living conditions of many of the lower-tier workers involved in his operations. Sti ll, other theorists herald these actions as cutting edge entrepreneurship. Andrew Carnegie was another prominent individual examined by the old school and new school perspectives on industrialization. Similar to old school perspectives on Rockefeller, old school perspectives divide Carnegie’s horizontal integration through his Carnegie Steel Company along critical progressive lines and that heralded him as an industrial statesman. Individuals such as Harold Livesay, writing in an old school perspective, considered him a ‘master moneyman’ for his financing capabilities. He is also heralded for revolutionizing internal business elements and only engaging in horizontal integration when necessary. New school approaches consider corporate this organizational structure and management strategy. Prominently articulated by Alfred Chandler, this ‘Chandlerian new school

Summary vs analysis, cognitive dissonance Assignment

Summary vs analysis, cognitive dissonance - Assignment Example The police officers had also deprived Fernandez his belt and shoe laces, so it’s though that the prisoner had strangled himself with his bare hands. Before his death, Fernadez had spent his last few days in a highly agitated state writing what appeared to be a long letter. Though in his letter, Fernandez expressed the fear of his life in the prison, the police warden who read it never took any action as he assumed that it was out of mental disturbance and insanity that Fernandez was writing the long document. Shockingly, two days after his death, Fernadez body disappeared from the morgue even before the arrival of forensic physician who was to investigate the cause of his death (Arenas, 2001). Few American newspapers had covered this shocking news, with majority giving preference to other less important news. Even, after six months had passed after the mysterious death of fernadez, Sakuntala seemed not satisfied with how Fernandez case ended. After receiving important manuscript concerning fernadez, Sakuntala tried to get it published by serious American newspapers but his request was turned down by editors who appeared to agree with dull witted police report (Arenas, 2001). Though Sankutala seemed to have a very crucial testimony from the late Fernadez, no respectable publication was willing to publish